1.血液透析即俗稱的洗腎當人的疾病如慢性腎絲球性腎炎、糖尿病、高血壓等疾病導致腎臟功能衰退、腎功能減低到無法排出水、含氮廢物、調節荷爾蒙......時,就會出現一些症狀,故需行透析治療來取代腎臟,而將多餘的水分及廢物排出,這是終其一生的治療,人必須學習適應透析生活。
2.定義
透析治療即俗稱的洗腎,概分血液透析及腹膜透析,血液透析是經由人造半透膜管及透析藥水達到過濾排泄含氮廢物及排水功能,腹膜透析則是利用透析藥水進入腹腔內藉腹膜之微血管達到過濾排泄含氮廢物及排水功能。
3.途徑
血液透析之前必須先建立健全的血管通路,可作永久通路者為─動靜脈吻合術。此手術是藉由外科手術將手臂內之動脈與靜脈吻合成為一封閉式的瘻管,最常見是將前臂的橈動脈與頭靜脈做邊對邊的動靜脈吻合,約7~10天拆線,整個過程需4~6個星期才能進行洗腎。
4.手術後應注意事項
4.1.開刀的手抬高過心臟,以促進血循,預防肢端腫脤。
4.2.此手禁止打點滴及肌肉注射。
4.3.此手禁止量血壓及抽血。
4.4.不可用此手臂提重物。
4.5.勿抓傷動靜脈瘻管處之皮膚。
4.6.勿彎曲此手臂過久。
4.7.預防受壓(例如睡時將手臂放在枕頭下)。
4.8.開刀後第二天(滿24小時)手即需作握球運動以促進血管堅韌。
4.9.傷口應保持清潔乾燥,臥床休息時可用枕頭墊高肢體以減少傷口腫漲。how to cheat with a married woman
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